Nonmilitary means were available for strengthening international security assurances against the potential threat from Iraq’s prohibited weapons capability. The resumption of effective UN weapons inspections and the strengthening of military containment and deterrence offered viable, robust options for assuring the disarmament of Iraq and preventing Saddam Hussein from acquiring the ability to develop or use nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.
This report offers a detailed set of policy recommendations for achieving these objectives. It examines the record of UN weapons inspectors during he 1990s, reviews the system of military containment present during its publication in 2002, and proposes specific steps for strengthening containment and deterrence. It demonstrated that nonmilitary options have been effective in the past and could have been strengthened to disarm and contain Iraq.
David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Alistair Millar. “Winning Without War: Sensible Security Options for Dealing with Iraq.” Sanctions and Security Project of the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame and the Fourth Freedom Forum Goshen, Indiana. Oct. 2022.
David Cortright 
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